Posts Tagged food
PB&J please, but hold the jelly (and margarine) and put it on toast – a mixture design combined with a categorical factor
Posted by mark in design of experiments, Uncategorized, Wellness on May 27, 2010
My colleague Pat Whitcomb just completed the first teach of Advanced Formulations: Combining Mixture & Process Variables. It inspired me to develop a virtual experiment for optimizing my perfect peanut butter and jelly (PB&J) sandwich. This was a staple for me and my six siblings when we were growing up. Unfortunately, so far as I was concerned, my mother generously slathered margarine on the bread (always white in those days – no whole grains) and then thick layers of peanut butter and jelly (always grape). As you see* in the response surfaces for overall liking [ 🙁 1-9 🙂 ], I prefer that none of the mixture ingredients (A: Peanut butter, B: Margarine, C: Jelly) be mixed, and I like the bread toasted. This analysis was produced using the Combined design tab from Design-Expert® software version 8 released by Stat-Ease earlier this year. I’d be happy to provide the data set, especially for anyone that may be hosting me for a PB&J dinner party. 😉
*Click to enlarge the plots so you can see the legend, etc.
Pushing the limits on alcohol levels for holiday cheer – higher the better (?)
Posted by mark in Uncategorized, Wellness on December 24, 2009
Just in time for holiday gift-givers to the guy who already owns everything, Boston Beer Company (BBC) — brewer of Sam Adams lager — announced this year that they’d achieved new heights for alcohol content – over 25 percent by volume. Alcohol levels traditionally have been capped at the 14% level due to natural limits of the yeast that drive fermentation. However, the beer boffins at BBC applied their wits to the zymurgy and came up with “Utopia,” which can be purchased at $599.99 a mini-kettle via this internet purveyor (warning: it’s banned in 13 states!). Otherwise you can await the next batch of ten thousand bottles or so of this potent beer to emerge in two years from the 15-year aging cycle.*
Perhaps this holiday season you may restrict yourself to tamer drinks than high-alcohol beer, such as the traditional eggnog — a “sweetened dairy-based beverage made with milk, cream, sugar, beaten eggs (which gives it a frothy texture), and flavored with ground cinnamon” (according to Wikipedia). However, my plans to pick up our annual eggnog after Thanksgiving were dashed after listening to a recent radio broadcast of NPR’s Science Friday by Ira Flatow. They warned about people (like me) risking salmonella-induced food poisoning by milking their ‘nog clear through Christmas. The show posted this video reporting results from microbiologist Vince Fischetti on his challenge tests** in a lab at the Rockefeller University (RU). I’ve seen these at food clients of Stat-Ease and they gross me out, so I know the end result of dosing up a dairy product with spoilage organisms and pathogens cannot be pretty. Fischetti compared the results after one month of storing a spiked eggnog made by a traditional RU recipe (equal parts bourbon and rum to a 20 % alcohol level) versus one purchased commercially (no alcohol). See the outcome by watching the video – it may encourage you to keep a bottle of spirits on hand. (I’ve got a supply of tequila – just in case.) Being a devotee of DOE, I must say that Fischetti’s findings appear to be based only on sample-size 1. But to his credit, he expresses the desire for grant money leading to more definitive studies.
So whether you hoist a beer or a ‘cheered-up’ glass of eggnog to give your seasonal salute to your friends and family, here’s hoping you all a happy holiday!
*Source for news about high-alcohol beer: 11/30/09 article by Russell Contreras of the Associated Press, seen here as published by the Huffington Post.
** For all the gory details see this posting of Microbiological Challenge Testing by the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT). The “Phoenix” phenomenon is particularly worrying (lethal bugs rising from the ashes of sterilization).
Running hot and cold in Apalachicola – steaming to cook clams and steaming to make ice
My wife and I are celebrating our 35th anniversary with a Thanksgiving week getaway on the panhandle of Florida. Later today we will enjoy a southern version of the traditional banquet, this one will featuring all sorts of grits – the chef’s specialty. I expect some oysters too – mainly harvested just down-beach at Apalachicola. Also, at the local Piggly-Wiggly I noticed lots of sweet potato pies laid out, along with pecan pies, of course. If I lay off the grits, maybe I will keep some room for a piece of the pecan pie, preferably with some whipped cream on top.
Earlier this week we stopped by an interesting museum in Apalach’ (as the locals refer to it). It celebrates the achievements of a local physician, John C. Gorrie, who invented the ice-making machine. He is also considered to be the father of refrigeration and air conditioning. Obviously the folks here in Florida hold Dr. Gorrie in high esteem for his dedication to cooling things off. What interests me, being that I am a chemical engineer, is how steam powered Gorrie’s ice machine. That seems very counter-intuitive, but the thermodynamics are explained nicely here by the inventor:
“If the air were highly compressed, it would heat up by the energy of compression. If this compressed air were run through metal pipes cooled with water, and if this air cooled to the water temperature was expanded down to atmospheric pressure again, very low temperatures could be obtained, even low enough to freeze water in pans in a refrigerator box.”
For a picture of what he patented in 1851 and historical background, see this Wired magazine article by Randy Alfred.
Getting back to the Thanksgiving feast this afternoon and thinking about the oysters, I suppose we will be given a choice of raw ones laid out on ice (thanks to the local inventor) or one cooked with steam. Coming from the middle of our continent, it may be too much of a stretch to eat uncooked shellfish. In fact, it makes me a bit queasy just thinking of it. Although I fancy myself an experimentalist, sometimes I must draw a line in the sand.
PS. One thing I find curious is that the oystermen (sorry ladies) still do their harvesting the old-fashioned way with tongs – see this video, for example .
Pairing foods and beverages to please the palate
Fish is white. Meat is red. That color pairing helps me decide which type of wine to order. It also sums up my interest and ability as a gourmand! For example, today we had a family brunch to celebrate my oldest daughter’s birthday and I ended up with two pitchers, one with grape juice and the other orange. Each had about a third of the juice remaining and the refrigerator could accommodate only one pitcher. Hmmm, what could I do? Eureka, a thought came to me: Mix the grape into the orange juice to combine it all into one container! Unfortunately, the resulting mixture looked so unappetizing that only my son Hank, an engineer like me (him software, me chemical), would drink it. Also, Hank admitted to having one or two beers –maybe more, while watching the Gopher hockey game last night at the corner pub. The Gophers unexpectedly lost, so I’m thinking my son may’ve drowned his sorrows. Therefore, I think that his positive review of my “orangerape” juice must be considered an outlier. 🙁
So far as beers are concerned, I’ve done equally bad, for example, by seeing what would happen if I mixed cream into it (detailed in my 1/14/07 blog “Mixing beers — synergy of zymurgy?”). One thing I never considered pairing with beer is chocolate, but, according to this article by J.M. Hirsch of Associated Press, Boston’s brahmins attend classes on this! An obvious combo is Belgian chocolate with Belgian abbey ale. However, I prefer to continue studying only beer. Any time our chemical engineering society sponsors a brewery tour and tasting, I am there!
My favorite pairing is apples with cinnamon. For example, this applesauce recipe looks very a pealing (pun intended!), in part because it’s so amazingly simple. I once tested my Stat-Ease colleagues by asking them to rate on a 1 (worse) to 10 (best) scale their taste preference of apple, cinnamon and lemon jelly beans and combinations thereof. The results are detailed in DOE Simplified in the chapter on mixture design, but the ternary diagram *, tells the story: Pairing apple with cinnamon creates a taste sensation (over 7 on the tasting scale) –- they are synergistic. However, putting the two fruits together (apple and lemon) created a sour reaction from our sensory testers (rated less than 3 on average) -– these two ingredients interact in an antagonistic manner. The trick when pairing foods and beverages is to avoid antagonism and seek synergism.
“Look for those opposites that attract. For example, sweet and acidity, sweet and spicy, hot and cold, salty and sweet.” David Kamen, chef instructor at the Culinary Institute of America (CIA).
*(Source of primer on ternary diagram: Lynn S. Fichter, Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia.)