Archive for category politics
Political science (?) based on happenstance regression
My daughter Carrie, a junior at University of Minnesota — majoring in political science, asked me to look over a paper she wrote last week for her quantitative-analysis class. Her assignment was to test “the theory that Christian religiosity, measured through church attendance, affected the outcome of the 2004 presidential election” (Bush over Kerry). Carrie considered many other variables that could logically have influenced voting decisions before settling on two alternative factors – per-capita income, and level of education.
As I’d expected, her regression analysis (using the SPSS software) showed a positive correlation of “frequent church goers” voting for Bush (0.166 R2) and negative for “population with college degree or higher” (0.293). However, the highest correlation was seen with per-capita income, which surprised me by being negative – the more the voter earned, the more likely they were to NOT vote for Bush. I always thought that the Republicans were the party of the rich. But from this data one must conclude that they mainly appeal to poor, less-educated church-goers! (Please do not take the previous two ‘tongue-in-cheek’ statements seriously, I am only making a humorous point about how misleading statistics can be!)
I don’t give too much credence to any of this – mainly due to my great skepticism of using statistics to dissect historical data and generate inferences on cause and effect relationships. However, it makes me curious as to the driving forces of today’s party politics in the USA. That’s about all I figure that regression of happenstance data really offers – some food for thought that may lead to more rigorous investigation.
In search of the non-obvious
On Tuesday the United States Supreme Court will hear arguments on what should be considered obvious when older inventions are combined for a patent application. Lining up on the side of loosening standards are Microsoft, Intel and other companies that have sprung up more recently. Opposing them are companies like General Electric that hold strong patent positions. See detail on this case — KSR versus Telefex — at CNET news. All of you scientists and engineers working in the USA had better keep an eye out on this war in court. It may cause quite a shakeup in the aims of R&D.
Meanwhile, at a more personal level, many of us will be looking for that perfect gift for the person who already owns everything. Obviously it must be something that is not obvious. For example, how about Smittens – specialty mittens that allow you to hold hands while walking or sitting? I saw this featured in one of humorist Dave Barry’s gift guides. His 2006 recommendations came out today in the Miami Herald column “What’s behind Santa’s Ho-Ho-Ho”. If I had season tickets to a team that supported tailgaters, I’d ask Santa for a Cruzin Cooler. How about two coolers for your favorite couple, one for him and the other for her, along with a set of Smittens for them to cruise hand-in-hand around the parking lot?
Surveys produce precisely inaccurate findings
In New Brighton, Minnesota, my old home town, the city council paid $4,600 for a a survey that asked how many residents voted in the last election. It found that 47 percent of the 400 respondents said they “always” vote when, in fact, less that 18 percent showed up for the last election. Professor Sandford Weisberg, director of the University of Minnesota’s Statistical Consulting Service, wasn’t surprised by this. He says that “people always want to say what pleases people.” However, the pollster hired by New Brighton claims that the people he surveyed simply “misremembered” that they hadn’t voted. A recent article in New York Times opinion pages* provides much more alarming evidence of misleading surveys, for example, one by American Medical Association (AMA) that reported an alarming rate of binge drinking and unprotected sex among college women during spring break. The AMA survey, supposedly based on a random sample of 644 women, provided a margin of error of +/– 4 percent. However, according to the Times, the survey included only women who volunteered to answer questions — and only a quarter of them had actually ever taken a spring break trip! The article goes on to cite other cases of surveys that produced very misleading results, including one similar to the one done by New Brighton. Beware of what you read about what other people think, especially if it comes from a scientific survey.
*Precisely False vs. Approximately Right: A Reader’s Guide to Polls, by Jack Rosenthal, August 27, 2006
